Auroras
Auroras are brilliant lights generated by the interaction between the magnetosphere and the solar wind of a planet or large celestial object. Most planets and large moons have auroras. Fictional auroras are often magical in nature, and may be places where dimensions are close together. The auroras of science fiction worlds may be extreme, with dazzling displays of color across the entire of the sky.
| Synonyms: aurorae, polar lights, northern lights, southern lights |
| Example Mythonyms: the Aurorae of Planet Zed |
Overview
The aurora at the north pole is referred to the aurora borealis (after Boreas, god of the north wind), while the aurora at the south pole is referred to as aurora australis (after Auster, god of the south wind). Aurora is derived from the goddess of the dawn, Aurora.
For worldbuilders including auroras in their own worlds, consider what causes this display – if there’s a scientific explanation or if something fantastic is occurring.
Scientific Context
Auroras are not a product of Earth’s atmosphere, but rather a consequence of the Sun’s activity. The Sun constantly emits a stream of charged particles called the solar wind. When this wind encounters Earth’s magnetosphere, the planet’s magnetic field, some energetic particles get channeled towards the poles. These particles collide with gas molecules in the upper atmosphere (thermosphere and exosphere), exciting them to higher energy levels. As the molecules return to their original state, they release energy in the form of dazzling lights.
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