Treasure is any item or collection of items of high value. The treasure of fictional worlds is often piles of coins, wads of cash, rare gems, jewelry, exceptional artworks, historic religious relics, or items that possess great magical or technological power. Treasure may be guarded or hidden (frequently both), and is often found in fictional treasure chests, treasure vaults, shipwrecks, dragon lairs, or bank vaults. Treasure maps may lead adventurers to wealth beyond measure however the treasure itself may be cursed. Treasure is often used to explore themes of greed, obsession, and corruption. It is often the subject of treasure hunts and heists.

Almost all fictional treasures have a fictional history associated with them – a tale of how they were amassed and what lead them to be lost, stolen, or guarded.